giovanni pico della mirandola ne demek?

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (24 Şubat 1463 – 17 Kasım 1494), bir İtalyan Rönesans asilzadesi ve filozofuydu .¹ 1486 olaylarıyla ünlüdür, 23 yaşında din, felsefe, doğa felsefesi ve büyü üzerine 900 tezi tüm gelenlere karşı savunmayı önerdiği ve bunun için İnsanın Onuru Üzerine Söylev'i yazdığı, "Rönesans Manifestosu" olarak adlandırılmıştır ve Rönesans hümanizminin ve "Hermetik Reform" olarak adlandırılan şeyin önemli bir metnidir.² Erken modern Batı ezoterizminin önemli bir ilkesi olan Hristiyan Kabala geleneğinin kurucusuydu. 900 Tez, Kilise tarafından evrensel olarak yasaklanan ilk basılı kitaptı.³ Astrolojinin en ünlü muhaliflerinden biri olan Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, astroloji savunucularının çürütmesi çok zor olan bir itirazda bulundu. Gök cisimlerinin karasal varlıklardan "üstün" olduğu ve dolayısıyla onları "yönetebildiği" fikri, sözlü bir ikilem üzerine kuruludur: bir gezegen, yalnızca mekansal anlamda bir insan ruhundan "daha yüksek"tir; Platonik varlık hiyerarşisinde, insan ruhu, manevi olmak, "daha yüksek" ve dolayısıyla gezegenden daha güçlüdür. Neoplatonik filozoflar Marsilio Ficino ve Giovanni Pico della Mirandola ve Venedikli hümanist Ermolao Barbaro. Bu dönemde hukuk diploması almış olabilir, ancak çoğunu okült sanatlar ve Neoplatonik felsefe üzerinde çalışmak ve ders vermekle geçirdi. De occulta philosophia'nın gözden geçirilmiş versiyonu da dahil olmak üzere sonraki yazıları, İtalyan Neoplatonistleri Marsilio Ficino ve Giovanni Pico della Mirandola'nın etkisini gösteriyor. Agrippa da onlar gibi, aslen Tanrı tarafından vahyedilen ve Yahudi Kabalistler, Hermes Trismegistus, Pythagoras, Zerdüşt ve Platon'un kitaplarında vücut bulan bir gizli bilgi bütününün varlığını doğruladı. Bu ilgi alanları, her insan kültürünün kökeninde ilahi bir vahiy olduğunu kabul eden Hristiyanlaştırılmış bir dini evrenselciliği yansıtır. Pico della Mirandola'nın ve Medici entelektüel çevresinin diğer aydınlarının ölümleri. 15. yüzyılın sonlarında, bir dizi İtalyan Hristiyan bilgin, özellikle de mistik spekülasyonlarla ilgilenen Neoplatonistler, Cabala'yı inceledi. Bunlardan en önemlisi İbranice öğrenen ve dini gerçekleri kabalistik metinlerde arayan Giovanni Pico della Mirandola idi. İlk Hristiyan kabalistlerinin çoğu gibi, Pico da bu risaleleri Hristiyan bir anlamda yorumladı. Kabalistik literatürden Hristiyan gerçeklerini kanıtlamak için benzer bir arzu, Alplerin kuzeyinden gelen ilk önemli Hristiyan kabalist Johann Reuchlin'i ve büyü gücünün Kabala'dan elde edilebileceği fikrini en agresif bir şekilde takip eden Hristiyan kabalist Agrippa von Nettesheim'ı motive etti. Kabalistik öğrenme, Yahudi kökenleri nedeniyle geleneksel teologlar arasında şüpheliydi, çünkü genellikle Hristiyan inancıyla bağdaşmayan doktrinlerle (örneğin ruhların göçü) ve sihirle olan bağlantıları nedeniyle ilişkilendirildi. birkaç İtalyan üniversitesi İbranice profesörlükler kurdu, bu pozisyonlar genellikle Hristiyanlığa dönüştürülmüş eski Yahudiler tarafından dolduruldu. Floransa'nın siyasi lideri Lorenzo de'Medici, Yahudi bir öğretmenden İbranice öğrendi; ve genç bir Hristiyan bilgin olan Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, hem İncil tefsiri hem de Cabala olarak bilinen mistik metinler olmak üzere İbranice diline ve Yahudilerin dini yazılarına hakim olma görevini üstlendi. İncil yorumu, felsefe, tıp ve astroloji ve sihir gibi okült sanatlarda uzman. 15. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren, İtalya'da başlayarak, bazı Hristiyan hümanistler İbranice ve Yahudi öğreniminin çeşitli alanlarına ilgi duymaya başladılar. Öne çıkan örnekler İtalya'da Giovanni Pico della Mirandola ve Almanya'da Johann Reuchlin idi. Buna karşılık, Pico'nun Yahudi öğrenimi üzerine çalışmasına yardım etmiş olan Floransalı Yohanan Alemanno gibi Yahudi bilginler, Marsilio Ficino'nun çevirilerinde ve orijinal incelemelerinde bulunan yeniden canlanan Platonizmle ilgilenmeye başladılar. Bir diğeri Büyüye antik kaynaklar ve felsefi bir temel vererek sihri saygıdeğer kılma çabasındaki ikinci büyük Rönesans etkisi, Ficino'nun arkadaşı Giovanni Pico della Mirandola'ydı. Ayrıca okült güçleri yozlaşmış ve dünyevi amaçlar için kullanmanın tehlikelerini vurguladı ve yalnızca uygun şekilde hazırlanmış ve ruhsal olarak yönlendirilmiş ruhun şeytani tuzaklardan kaçınabileceğini öğretti. Yahudi Kabala'ya olan ilgisi hem büyüsel öğrenmeyi haklı çıkarma hem de bir dizi sembol, İbrani alfabesinin harfleri ve Sözde Floransa Akademisi'nin diğer ilk liderleri Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (diğerlerinden daha az Platoncu olan), Cristoforo Landino, Angelo Poliziano ve hepsinin hamisi Lorenzo de'Medici idi.

Ayrıca bakınız

• Hristiyan Kabala
• Çağdaş İtalyan Rönesans filozofları: Marsilio Ficino, Lodovico Lazzarelli, Giovanni Mercurio da Correggio
• Hermetika (Hermes Trismegistus'a atfedilen felsefi yazılar)
• Hermetizm
• Ebedi felsefe
• Platonik Akademisi (Floransa)
• Rönesans hümanizmi
• Rönesans büyüsü

Kaynakça

Rönesans

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Footnotes

1. "Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni, Conte" in Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, volume 15, copyright 1991. Grolier Inc., ↩

2. Heiser, James D., Prisci Theologi and the Hermetic Reformation in the Fifteenth Century, Malone, TX: Repristination Press, 2011. ↩

3. Hanegraaff p. 54 ↩

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